Tag Archives: recognizing autism

autism anxiety

Autism Anxiety: It’s Not What You Think

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autism anxietyAs an emergency responder, I’m sure you’ve had “that call” a bunch of times… it comes in as heart attack or chest pain, and you drive lights and sirens to the call location only to find out your patient is simply having an anxiety attack. Sure, you do your job and tell them to take some deep breaths, you assure them they are safe, maybe even call a family member, and get a refusal. All the while in your head, you label it a BS call, or “status dramaticus.”

Of course I am not belittling or dismissing the fact that generalized anxiety disorder is real in any way; it is a recognized disorder and it affects people greatly. What I DO want to talk about it autism-related anxiety, and how it affects those who experience it.

My 18 year-old daughter has anxiety. It is a huge part of how her autism manifests. It’s taken me some time to truly understand the things she struggles with.

To be completely raw and brutally honest, there are days – even now – where it’s hard for me to put myself in her shoes. This month I’ve worked a ton of overtime shifts, operating on two hours of sleep per day if I’m lucky, and still couldn’t pay some of our bills. I’m managing a special needs household on my own and the more I work, the more I watch my “kingdom” spiral out of control as I fall behind on the day-to-day tasks that are important to our survival. So when I look over at my daughter and she’s completely melting down over something I consider a bit trivial, there is a part of me that thinks, “Really? Over this? What if she had REAL responsibilities, like a typical 18 year-old? What if she were amid choosing a college, taking exams, working, experiencing peer pressure, trying alcohol, or was in a relationship? How the hell would she handle THAT if this (minor) thing is completely destroying her right now?”

There is so much more to it than that.  

Of course, I’m human. I worry that I am coddling her or sheltering her too much. I worry that she won’t become a functioning member of society. But then I see her face a lot of her anxiety head on, with the attitude of a warrior, and I watch her make great strides overcoming some of her worst attacks without anyone telling her what to do… and I know she is where she needs to be right now. Especially with the help of my meltdown management breakthrough technique.

So what is autism anxiety? How is it different?

For one, autism anxiety is more physiological than psychological. When anxiety kicks in, it’s not necessarily triggered by stressful thoughts. Sometimes, it’s just there, like a nagging toddler that constantly follows you around and tugs at your apron strings, demanding attention. Aside from the typical rapid heart beat and dry mouth, it can cause an array of GI issues, from nausea and vomiting and diarrhea to digestion issues and acid reflux. It can manifest as joint pain, muscle aches and circulation issues, causing things like Raynaud’s disease. It can make your whole body shake uncontrollably for no logical reason whatsoever. Being in fight or flight mode long-term is very stressful on the body. Being unable to logically control it feels like pure torture.

The other day, my daughter told me it was very “loud and crowded” in her head. Like that scene in Bruce Almighty where Jim Carrey starts to hear everyone’s prayers in his head at the same time, my daughter hears all her thoughts. Only they’re not so nice. They constantly tell her she’s not okay, there are things to worry about, things to be scared of. They bring up every line of every conversation she’s had and tell her how she should have said things differently. They remind her of every embarrassing moment of every childhood event, relentlessly. It’s like a constant soundtrack in her head, and she has to learn to tune it out just to function.

That’s just the thoughts. Then the physical symptoms kick in. The nausea, the muscle cramps, the trembling… for her, it feels like she’s in a tiny glass case and can feel her anxiety climbing up her body and suffocating her. And there’s no escape. It doesn’t matter how logically I approach her fears or thoughts, she cannot control them. She can’t simply “snap out of it.” Her brain does not care if there is a real threat or not; her body reacts as if there is. And it goes downhill from there.

Eventually, if she cannot gain control over it when it’s happening, she will reach the point of complete shutdown, which can include paralysis, difficulty breathing and the loss of ability to speak. She describes this as an overload. There are so many thoughts and physical sensations hitting her simultaneously that it becomes overwhelming. In this state, if I ask her, “What’s wrong?” she feels like all of her thoughts form a huge, heavy mass and it’s just too much. She can’t name or articulate any one thing.

These are just the day-to-day experiences, not even touching on anxiety that stems from social situations and having to interact with others.

Now let’s think about at adding an emergency situation to the mix. In my autism training program for emergency responders, I talk about how it’s more difficult to identify autism in females. Autism anxiety can be a huge clue.

So what should you do on scene when you recognize this type of paralyzing anxiety in a patient with autism? How is it best handled?

Let’s start with what NOT to do:

  • DO NOT become angry or raise your voice
  • DO NOT restrain unless absolutely necessary
  • DO NOT tell someone to simply “snap out of it”
  • DO NOT say, “Use your words” to someone. As the brain escalates, the ability to be rational and articulate diminishes greatly.
  • Avoid moving someone until they calm down, unless they are in immediate danger or the current location/setting is contributing to the escalation.
  • Remove unneeded bystanders – including additional personnel
  • Do NOT turn it into a power struggle

What SHOULD you do?

All efforts should be made to prevent a meltdown if possible. Remember, you are not “giving in” to negative behavior; you are literally throwing a lifeline to someone who is unraveling neurologically

  • DO turn off lights and sirens if possible
  • DO give space to allow the person to self calm if they are able
  • DO allow one familiar family member or caregiver to remain with them
  • DO respond patiently and compassionately
  • DO offer choices
  • DO provide a pen and paper to see if they can write down their needs
  • DO keep the individual safe from harming him or herself

Being an EMT means that I have a responsibility to my community to provide the best patient care I can, including recognizing and helping those with special needs that struggle with a variety of disorders and symptoms. Being an autism parent means that I must continually strive to find a balance between honoring and supporting my children’s struggles and giving them tools to help them be the very best version of themselves and succeed as an adult.

Autism anxiety is a tough thing for me to help my daughter manage… but any time I get overwhelmed with her meltdowns I stop and imagine what it must feel like for her. Seeking education and providing compassion and empathy will take you a long way as an autism parent OR as an emergency responder. Or in my case, both :)

 

autism_vs_aspergers

Autism Tips for Emergency Responders: Autism vs. Asperger Syndrome

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autism_vs_aspergers I often get asked, “What’s the difference between autism and Asperger’s? Are they both considered autism? Are they the same thing? And what the heck is PDD-NOS?”

Just when I had a handle on everything, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual version 5 (DSM-5) went and changed the diagnostic criteria! Here is what I know, in a (large, drawn out) nutshell:

With the May 2013 publication of the DSM-5 diagnostic manual, all autism disorders were merged into one umbrella diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). They were previously recognized as distinct subtypes, including autism, Asperger Syndrome, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder and Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS).

Both autism and ASD are now considered general terms for a group of complex disorders of brain development. These disorders are characterized, in varying degrees, by:

Communication and Social Interaction

  • Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity, ranging from an abnormal social approach, to reduced sharing of interests or emotions, to failure to initiate or respond to social interactions.
  • Deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors ranging from abnormalities in eye contact and body language, to deficits in understanding and use of gestures, to a total lack of facial expressions.
  • Deficits in developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships, from difficulties adjusting behavior to suit social contexts to difficulties in sharing imaginative play or in making friends.

Restricted, Repetitive Patterns of Behaviors

  • Using repetitive motor movements (simple motor stereotypies, lining up toys or flipping objects, echoing speech, idiosyncratic phrases).
  • Showing inflexible adherence to routines, or having ritualized patterns (extreme distress during small changes, difficulties with transitions, rigid thinking patterns, need to take same route every day).
  • Possessing fixated interests with abnormal intensity or focus (strong attachment to or preoccupation with unusual objects, excessive knowledge in a sole interest).
  • Being hyper- or hyposensitive to sensory input (apparent indifference to pain/temperature, adverse response to specific sounds or textures, excessive smelling or touching of objects, visual fascination with lights or movement)

Although the DSM-5 no longer recognizes Asperger Syndrome and PDD-NOS as separate diagnoses, it is still good to recognize some distinct characteristics of each, especially since anyone with a previous diagnosis of these means the terms are still in use.

Asperger Syndrome (AS) is a form of autism in which the individual has or had little to no language delay and an IQ in the average to high range, but has social and communication challenges. It was named for the Austrian pediatrician, Hans Asperger in 1944.

Dr. Asperger called children with AS “little professors” because of their ability to talk about their favorite subject in great detail. Common signs of Asperger Syndrome include social problems, vulnerability to sensory overload, clumsiness, and a tendency to take many figures of speech literally.

Many adults who were very bright children but never quite “fit in” socially realize later in life that they may have Asperger Syndrome.

Pervasive Developmental Delay-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) was typically reserved for a child who displays some of the characteristics of autism or Asperger Syndrome but doesn’t quite match all the criteria. Often very young children who are identified with having PDD-NOS were later diagnosed with autism or AS when they were older.

What does all this mean for us in the field?

Not much! Honestly.

I perpetually tell responders that it truly is not our job to diagnose autism in the field. What we CAN do, is recognize some of the common signs and behaviors of autism to enable us to adapt our response to more effectively communicate and interact with someone on the spectrum that’s having a really hard time on the scene of a crime, medical call, fire or disaster. This will help us keep the situation as safe as possible and best meet the needs of autistic individuals that may soon escalate into a meltdown or crisis as a response to an overwhelming environment.

Even if we recognize a “classic” autism behavior, remember to first address and rule out all medical causes of that behavior! Don’t ignore life threats while tripping over labels and diagnostic terms.