fidget toys autism

Top 5 Autism Sensory Items to Keep in Your Jump Bag

fidget toys autism

If you are on a chaotic scene and you’ve identified either a patient or family member as autistic, congratulations! Understanding a person’s gifts and challenges and communication style goes a long way in being able to help them. In the immortal words of G.I. Joe, knowing is half the battle :)

But now what?

As you know, emergency situations are challenging for EVERYONE. Add sensory processing issues to the mix and have a recipe for imminent meltdown. To help alleviate this, it’s always best to try and eliminate triggers first. Can you turn off the lights and sirens? Can you remove the person from the main part of the scene and get them into the back of the ambulance, where it’s quieter? If not, can you remove unnecessary bystanders and personnel? How about allowing one main person to do the assessment and ask questions?

Even with these techniques in play, emergency situations can still be extremely overwhelming for autistic children AND adults alike. I’ve learned over the years that there are some simple items you can always have on hand that may aid in keeping an autistic person calm and helping to avert sensory meltdowns. Here are the ones that have been most helpful to me on scenes (these are not affiliate links, I receive no revenue or credits for promoting any of the below items):

Autism Sensory Item Number 1: Paper and Pen

A meltdown is a product of sensory overload and is rooted in the nervous system. Even someone who is typically verbal will have challenges once this begins. As the brain escalates, the ability to be rational and articulate diminishes rapidly. The simple act of allowing someone in the midst of overwhelm to write down their needs can be a true lifesaver. (And if you’re a good Paramedic/EMT/LEO you should always have this on hand anyway!)

Autism Sensory Item Number 2: Miniature Slinky

These little guys are AWESOME! They are best used as a distraction, especially to keep idle hands busy while doing any primary questioning. Remember, just because someone with autism appears to not be paying attention (lack of eye contact, engaged in another activity), they typically can still hear you and process what you are asking. It will simply take a little longer, so be patient.

Autism Sensory Item Number 3: Fidget Toys

Similar to “stress balls” these fidgets are wonderful to have on hand. Within the stitched mesh there’s a movable marble. If you don’t have access to this type of toy, many dollar stores have the little squishy, nubby balls that work just as well.

Autism Sensory Item Number 4: Earplugs

Simple, soft foam earplugs from Walmart can help block out unnecessary noise on scene. Because they go inside the ear, however, someone with autism may or may not tolerate them. My son prefers headphones over earplugs but may use these if they are the only alternative and he’s heading into overwhelm from the noise.

Autism Sensory Item Number 5: Penlights

Children with autism are often fascinated with cause-and-effect activities. My son was OBSESSED with light switches and remote controls as a child. These disposable penlights are cheap and will offer a means for distraction during your assessment, without sacrificing any of your own personal tools.

I hope you found these items helpful. Remember; NEVER give a patient your phone, keys or flashlight. Trust me, I’ve learned the hard way!

What items have you found useful on a scene to calm a patient? Share your comments below!

image courtesy of interacting with autism

Managing Autism Meltdowns Before They Escalate

image courtesy of interacting with autism

image courtesy of interacting with autism

I’ve spent the last several years teaching emergency responders how to recognize someone as autistic, whether it’s a police matter, medical emergency or search and rescue call. This training has changed the way responders assess and handle situations, ensuring safety for everyone involved. The number one rule, at least in EMS, is that we all go home at the end of the shift.

I also teach emergency preparedness to Autism families to help them be ready for the worst in their community. This training includes what kinds of additional items they should consider putting in their 72-hour kit, how to best accommodate loved ones with autism if the need should arise to go to shelter during a disaster or severe weather, and much more.

Being an emergency responder myself as well as a single mom of two autistic teens, I realized that many of the calls we respond to have already become ​a crisis because a meltdown of some sort has occurred, and the situation is now escalated to the point where the family can no longer safely intervene. I started wondering how to help families BEFORE meltdowns become a crisis. Before public safety has to be involved.

But first, what exactly is a meltdown?

Basically, it’s what happens when the brain receives WAY too much information – most often sensory input – and cannot process this information in a conventional, organized manner. “Sensory Processing” refers to the way the nervous system receives messages from the senses and turns them into appropriate motor and behavioral responses.

As an autism parent, I’ve learned over the last 14+ years that when my children are overwhelmed by the sensory triggers in their environment they are immediately thrown into survival mode – it is pure physical and psychological torture for them. Their senses are on fire and they have little control over themselves.

Even for adults with autism, a meltdown feels nothing short of overwhelming, paralyzing and out of control…

It’s like their “browser” has too many tabs open and crashes, only it’s their entire body. Their brain hits Ctrl-Alt-Del automatically, causing fatigue, disorientation and the loss of ability to speak.

And it’s behind nearly all of what everyone else sees as “bad behavior.”

Here is a (credited) video I use in my training, created by Interacting With Autism, illustrating a simple day-to-day sensory meltdown a boy experiences in a coffee shop.

Sensory Overload (Interacting with Autism Project) from Miguel Jiron on Vimeo.

Stressful, right? Now, imagine a disaster or emergency situation – where lights and sirens and a crowd of uniformed people and nosy neighbors are gathered around – and add that in for good measure. It’s beyond chaotic; it’s completely overwhelming.

I started thinking about ways to broaden my reach and help educate autism families about public safety interactions… and then I took it a step further.

What if I could help families manage meltdowns as soon as they start? What if there was a way to calm the nervous system and help someone with autism regain control of their senses before they went all the way down the “rabbit hole?”

I found an amazing tool that does just that. Whether a meltdown is from sensory overload or anxiety that often accompanies autism, this unique method can literally stop a meltdown in its tracks and provide instant relief for the person experiencing it. No, I’m not talking about any type of​ cure, of course, ​rather a way to manage a meltdown before it escalates out of control. I’ve been working with families and autistic adults alike and the results have been truly amazing.

If you’re struggling with anxiety attacks and meltdowns, or if you want to help your child overcome debilitating sensory overwhelm, I can truly help. I even use this method on myself when I’m facing a stressful or dangerous 911 call on the job! For all the emergency responders on my mailing list, this may also be a good tool to learn to help calm patients or families on scene, even if it’s a bit unconventional.

For the month of November, as my way of giving thanks for the gifts I have in my life and the relief my children and I have experienced from this priceless technique, I’m offering a complimentary consultation for my next 10 clients. If it feels like a good fit for you or your child, I’m also extending a deeply discounted session rate of just $37.

For me, November is a time of gratitude, reflection and giving back to the community. If this resonates with you, click here to find out more. I’m so excited to work with you!

image courtesy of exciteddelirium.org

Weekly Autism Tips for Emergency Responders: Excited Delirium or Sensory Meltdown?

image courtesy of exciteddelirium.org

image courtesy of exciteddelirium.org

During my last Autism training class for law enforcement, someone brought up an excellent question immediately following the Sensory Meltdown section of my program. They commented that many of the signs and behaviors of sensory overwhelm that lead to a meltdown sound exactly like those of Excited Delirium (ExDS) and wanted to know how to tell the difference.

I absolutely LOVE getting tough questions during my training programs! It’s because of everyone’s valuable input that this training remains fluid and continually improves after each experience.

I have been researching ExDS extensively and, while sharing some signs of sensory processing issues, the outcome is very different. Michael Curtis, MD, who created a field guide to help EMS and Law Enforcement recognize ExDS, refers to the condition as a “freight train to death.”

Excited Delirium typically accompanies the use of stimulants, most commonly but not limited to cocaine and methamphetamines, as these drugs block the re-uptake of dopamine, resulting in elevation of dopamine levels in the brain. This is amplified if the person already has a pre-existing psychiatric condition that is treated with dopamine re-uptake inhibitors.

According to the JEMS website, elevated levels of dopamine cause agitation, paranoia and violent behavior. Heart rate, respiration and temperature control are also affected by dopamine levels, with elevation resulting in tachycardia, tachypnea and hyperthermia. For this reason, hyperthermia is a hallmark of excited delirium.

Look for persons partially clothed or naked, exhibiting violent, almost primal behaviors. They may appear to have “super human” strength, but in actuality merely it’s the loss of pain receptors that creates the illusion.

Excited Delirium is a MEDICAL condition, with a grim outcome once a person enters arrest. The best way to manage it is to prevent cardiac arrest. Prehospital therapy should focus on treating the increased metabolic activity and hyperthermia first.

The mnemonic “NOT A CRIME,” developed by Michael Curtis, MD, clearly sets out the signs and symptoms of ExDS:

  • N – Patient is naked and sweating from hyperthermia
  • O – Patient exhibits violence against objects, especially glass
  • T – Patient is tough and unstoppable, with superhuman strength and insensitivity to pain
  • A – Onset is acute
  • C – Patient is confused regarding time, place, purpose and perception
  • R – Patient is resistant and won’t follow commands to desist
  • I – Patient’s speech is incoherent, often with loud shouting and bizarre content
  • M – Patient exhibits mental health conditions or makes you feel uncomfortable
  • E – EMS should request early backup and rapid transport to the ED

Sensory Processing Meltdown

A sensory meltdown is when a person’s nervous system has been so bombarded by sensory input that it enters survival mode, perceiving that it is under attack. These may occur in autistic adults just as much as children.

An adult experiencing a meltdown describes the experience on SPDSupport.org:

“All sensory systems start firing! Everything pierces you like a knife! Every sound, every speck of light, every texture against your skin, and everything you can smell. It surrounds you and cuts right into you. Trapped within your skin, like a caged animal under attack, you are basically helpless. You thrash, you heave, you scream, you do whatever you can, because you are perceiving something killing you. You need to escape! Everything is hurting you, things that no one else can even believe would be affecting you. The smallest noise makes you want to claw your ears off, the slightest movement of you head might make you sick, and even the dimmest lights in the room make your eyes feel like they are bleeding.

Nothing matters anymore. You only have a few options: fight, flight, or freeze.”

Not unlike ExDS, some of these signs may present as agitation, violent behavior, resisting, tachycardia and tachypnea. If your nervous system believes you are in imminent danger, it will employ survival techniques.

There is typically no hyperthermia involved with a sensory meltdown. Additionally, once you reduce sensory triggers or remove a person from the environment, the meltdown begins to lessen. The person may begin to self-calm and use relaxation techniques in order to return to their baseline behavior.

It is always best to try and prevent meltdowns by learning to recognize the signs and behaviors leading up to them. If that cannot be achieved you want to immediately remove harmful stimuli and reduce sensory triggers. Once their nervous system begins to stabilize, you can then add positive stimuli. Tools such as deep breathing, gum chewing, handling a fidget item, redirection and distraction can all help the nervous system relax and block the stressors. It is only then that you can gain compliance or begin communicating.

SPD meltdowns are incredibly intense and often traumatic for the individual experiencing them. However, unlike ExDS, the person is aware of the way they acted during, even though they were not in control of their behaviors. There is no blackout or acute altered mental status. It is essentially a response to a nervous system overwhelm and will eventually subside. The goal is to keep the person safe and do whatever you can to reduce sensory triggers.

Recognizing a sensory meltdown is extremely helpful, but as always, DO NOT IGNORE LIFE-THREATS such as stroke, brain injury, seizures or hypoglycemia just because your patient has autism or you suspect they do.

Have you responded to a call involving excited delirium or a sensory meltdown? What were your indicators? How was it handled? Share your thoughts below or send me a confidential email with your comments! Input from the field is ALWAYS valued.

Tantrum vs meltdown

Weekly Autism Tips for Emergency Responders – Sensory Meltdown Vs. Tantrum

Tantrum vs meltdownHey, Spirit of Autism family! I appreciate your patience regarding the fact that I’ve not been able to keep the Blog up to date while finishing Advanced EMT school. It’s been quite a ride but I’m nearly there! I can see a light (or is it flashing lights?) at the end of the tunnel…

I’m going to be transitioning the Blog to focus more on Autism Training Tips for Emergency Responders, Autism Safety Tips (for families and responders alike) and Emergency Preparedness for Autism Households. Previously the focus was on parents and caregivers only, which made it very confusing for those landing on my website, seeing that I do training for emergency responders, but solely reading about my journey as a parent. I will still be sharing lots of stories and personal experiences and of course adding my experiences and perspective as a parent – how could I not? My main focus, however, is to get critical information into the hands of emergency responders that have not yet taken my training course. To do this, I need to start offering it here.

If you have friends and family members in public safety, healthcare security, disaster response, or similar fields, please point them to the website! I want to go beyond local training efforts and start making a global difference.

So, the first in the Weekly Autism Tips for Emergency Responders [W.A.T.E.R.] series is… (sound the horns)…

Sensory Meltdown Vs. Tantrum

When I introduce my course objectives to class recipients, I talk about the definition of Autism, starting with what Autism is NOT. It is not a mental illness and it is not a behavior issue. At this point, students typically turn their heads and look at each other questioningly, as if I’m speaking Swahili. If I had a nickel for every time my son’s inability to cope with an overwhelming sensory environment was labeled a temper tantrum or behavior disorder. And I’m not just talking bystanders, this has happened with Special Ed teachers and pediatric neurologists.

I am a single mom. I’m not going to sit here and tell you that my child has never had a tantrum or behavioral outburst. He’s a BOY. With lots of ENERGY. Going through PUBERTY. Of course there have been times he’s tested those in authority. That’s what teenagers do.

Even knowing all I do about Sensory Processing issues, it is still a fine line to walk when discerning a sensory meltdown and an actual tantrum. I want to help arm you with some real, tangible signs and symptoms to help you tell the difference. Recognizing the physiological differences may change your response and radically alter the outcome of a situation. I’m not ever going to tell you to go against your local protocol or training and put yourself in danger. I’m talking about some really good scene size-up tools to help you respond in the safest way possible for all parties.

Signs and Symptoms of both a Tantrum and Meltdown

If you are just looking at the surface, it is challenging to tell what’s going on – the signs of both tantrums and meltdowns may present as screaming, kicking, shouting, stomping, swearing, biting, throwing, or hitting (either others or self-injurious behavior). Let’s go a little deeper:

A Tantrum typically occurs when a person wants something

A Meltdown is a response to environmental sensory overload or feeling extremely overwhelmed

During a Tantrum the person frequently checks to make sure you are paying attention to their behavior

During a Meltdown the person does not care if anyone is paying attention, they cannot stop themselves

A person acts this way in front of an audience during a Tantrum (behavior will cease when no one is looking)

During a Meltdown the behavior will continue with or without an audience

A Tantrum will cease abruptly once the person gets what they want

In a Meltdown situation, there is no goal – the behavior will cease only when the person can self-calm or when someone helps them regain control

In a Tantrum, there are no residual autonomic nervous system signs following the behavior; the person returns to normal activity within 5 minutes

A Meltdown will yield residual symptoms such as red ears, sweating, and dialated pupils; it takes 45-60 minutes for a person to return to normal following a sensory meltdown

Remember that someone experiencing a sensory meltdown is in survival mode – they are battling their environment and it is pure physical and psychological torture. Their senses are on fire and they have little control over themselves. No one chooses to be in a meltdown, and when you understand what’s happening to the nervous system and help someone through it your are not “giving in to” or “reinforcing” negative behavior. You are throwing someone a LIFELINE.

Stay tuned for future tips to learn more about Sensory Meltdowns and how you can most safely intervene.